By-Laws - Bluefly Inc.
AMENDED AND RESTATED
BY-LAWS
OF
BLUEFLY, INC.
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ARTICLE I - OFFICES
The principal office of the corporation shall be located in the City of
New York, County of New York, State of New York. The corporation may also have
offices at such other places within or without the State of New York as the
board may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may
require.
ARTICLE II - SHAREHOLDERS
1. PLACE OF MEETINGS.
Meetings of shareholders shall be held at the principal office of the
corporation or at such other place within or without the State of New York as
the board shall authorize.
2. ANNUAL MEETING.
The annual meeting of the shareholders shall be held at such date and
time as shall be determined by the board or the president and stated in the
notice of meeting, at which time the shareholders shall elect a board and
transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting.
3. SPECIAL MEETINGS.
Special meetings of the shareholders may be called by the board or by
the president and shall be called by the president or the secretary at the
request in writing of a majority of the board or at the request in writing by
shareholders owning a majority in amount of the shares issued and outstanding.
Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting.
Business transacted at a special meeting shall be confined to the purposes
stated in the notice.
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4. FIXING RECORD DATE.
For the purpose of determining the shareholders entitled to notice of
or to vote at any meeting of shareholders or any adjournment thereof, or to
express consent to or dissent from any proposal without a meeting, or for the
purpose of determining shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend
or the allotment of any rights, or for the purpose of any other action, the
board shall fix, in advance, a date as the record date for any such
determination of shareholders. Such date shall not be more than sixty nor less
than ten days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to
any other action. If no record date is fixed it shall be determined in
accordance with the provisions of law.
5. NOTICE OF MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS.
Written notice of each meeting of shareholders shall state the purpose
or purposes for which the meeting is called, the place, date and hour of the
meeting and unless it is the annual meeting, shall indicate that it is being
issued by or at the direction of the person or persons calling the meeting.
Notice shall be given either personally or by mail to each shareholder entitled
to vote at such meeting, not less than ten or more than sixty days before the
date of the meeting. If action is proposed to be taken that might entitle
shareholders to payment for their shares, the notice shall include a statement
of that purpose and to that effect. If mailed, the notice shall be deemed given
when deposited in the United States mail, with postage thereon prepaid, directed
to the shareholder at his address as it appears on the record of shareholders,
or, if he shall have filed with the secretary a written request that notices to
him be mailed to some other address, then directed to him at such other address.
6. WAIVERS.
Notice of meeting need not be given to any shareholder who signs a
waiver of notice, in person or by proxy, whether before or after the meeting.
The attendance of any shareholder at a meeting, in person or by proxy, without
protesting prior to the conclusion of the meeting the lack of notice of such
meeting, shall constitute a waiver of notice by him.
7. QUORUM OF SHAREHOLDERS.
Unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise, the holders
of a majority of the shares entitled to vote thereat shall constitute a quorum
at a meeting of shareholders for the transaction of any business, provided that
when a specified item of business is required to be voted on by a class or
series, the holders of a majority of the shares of such class or series shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of such specified item of business.
When a quorum is once present to organize a meeting, it is not broken
by the subsequent withdrawal of any shareholders.
The shareholders present may adjourn the meeting despite the absence of
a quorum.
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8. PROXIES.
Every shareholder entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders or to
express consent or dissent without a meeting may authorize another person or
persons to act for him by proxy. Every proxy must be signed by the shareholder
or his attorney-in-fact. No proxy shall be valid after expiration of eleven
months from the date thereof unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Every proxy
shall be revocable at the pleasure of the shareholder executing it, except as
otherwise provided by law.
9. QUALIFICATION OF VOTERS.
Every shareholder of record shall be entitled at every meeting of
shareholders to one vote for every share standing in his name on the record of
shareholders, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation.
10. VOTE OF SHAREHOLDERS.
Except as otherwise required by statute or by the certificate of
incorporation: (a) directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast
at a meeting of shareholders by the holders of shares entitled to vote in the
election; and (b) all other corporate action shall be authorized by a majority
of the votes cast.
11. WRITTEN CONSENT OF SHAREHOLDERS.
Any action that may be taken by vote may be taken without a meeting on
written consent, setting forth the action so taken, signed by the holders of all
the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon or signed by such lesser number
of holders as may be provided for in the certificate of incorporation.
12. SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS.
No proposal for a shareholder vote on any matter shall be submitted by
a shareholder to the corporation's shareholders unless the shareholder
submitting such proposal has submitted to the secretary of the corporation a
written notice setting forth with particularity (i) the name and business
address of the shareholder submitting such proposal and all persons acting in
concert with such shareholder; (ii) the name and address of the persons
identified in clause (i), as they appear on the corporation's books (if they so
appear); (iii) the class and number of shares of the corporation beneficially
owned by the persons identified in clause (i); (iv) a description of the
proposal containing all material information relating thereto, including,
without limitation, the reasons for submitting such proposal; and (v) such other
information as the board reasonably determines is necessary or appropriate to
enable the board and shareholders of the corporation to consider such proposal.
The written notice of a shareholder proposal shall be delivered to the secretary
of the corporation, at the principal office of the corporation, not later than
(i) with
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respect to a shareholder proposal to be submitted at an annual meeting of
shareholders, ninety days prior to the date one year from the date of the
immediately preceding annual meeting of shareholders (and no earlier than one
hundred-twenty days prior to the date one year from the date of the immediately
preceding annual meeting of shareholders), and (ii) with respect to a
shareholder proposal to be submitted at a special meeting of shareholders, the
close of business on the tenth day following the date on which notice of such
meeting is first given to shareholders. The presiding officer at any
shareholders meeting may determine that any shareholder proposal was not
permissible under or was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed
in this Section or is otherwise not in accordance with law, and if he should so
determine, he shall so declare at the meeting and the shareholder proposal shall
be disregarded.
ARTICLE III - DIRECTORS
1. BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
Subject to any provision in the certificate of incorporation, the
business of the corporation shall be managed by its board of directors, each of
whom shall be at least 18 years of age and may be shareholders.
2. NUMBER OF DIRECTORS.
The number of directors constituting the entire board shall be five.
The number of directors constituting the entire board may be increased or
decreased from time to time by resolution of the board of directors, provided
that (a) any amendment by the directors to effect such increase or decrease
shall require the vote of a majority of the entire board, (b) no decrease shall
shorten the term of any incumbent director, (c) the number of directors
constituting the entire board shall not be less than three, and (d) the number
of directors constituting the entire board shall not be more than seven. As used
in these by-laws, "entire board" means the total number of directors which the
corporation would have if there were no vacancies.
3. ELECTION AND TERM OF DIRECTORS.
Directors of the corporation shall be elected in such manner, and shall
hold office for such term, as shall be set forth in the certificate of
incorporation.
Unless otherwise prescribed in the certificate of incorporation,
directors of the corporation shall be elected, and shall serve, in the manner
and for the term set forth in this paragraph. So long as there are at least six
directors (including vacancies), the directors shall be divided into two
classes, designated Class 1 and Class 2. Each class shall consist as nearly as
may be possible, of one-half of the total number of directors constituting the
entire board; provided, however, that no class shall have less than three
directors, including vacancies. The term of the initial Class 1 directors shall
terminate on the date of the 1997 annual meeting of shareholders; and the term
of the initial Class 2 directors shall terminate on the date of the 1998 annual
meeting of shareholders. At each annual meeting of shareholders beginning in
1997,
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successors to the class of directors whose term expires at that annual meeting
shall be elected for a two-year term. If the number of directors is changed, any
increase or decrease shall be apportioned among the classes, so as to maintain
the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, and any
additional directors of any class elected to fill a vacancy resulting from an
increase in such class shall hold office for a term that shall coincide with the
remaining term of that class, but in no case will a decrease in the number of
directors shorten the term of any incumbent director. A director shall hold
office until the annual meeting for the year in which his term expires and until
his successor shall be elected and shall qualify, subject, however, to prior
death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal from office.
If there shall be less than six directors, then, at each annual meeting
of the shareholders, directors shall be elected to hold office until the next
annual meeting of the shareholders and until their respective successors have
been elected and qualified or until their respective earlier death, resignation,
retirement, disqualification or removal.
4. NEWLY CREATED DIRECTORSHIPS AND VACANCIES.
Newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the number of
directors and vacancies occurring in the board for any reason except the removal
of directors without cause may be filled by a vote of a majority of the
directors then in office, although less than a quorum exists, unless otherwise
provided in the certificate of incorporation. Vacancies occurring by reason of
the removal of directors without cause shall be filled by vote of the
shareholders unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation. A
director elected to fill a vacancy caused by resignation, death or removal shall
be elected to hold office for the unexpired term of his predecessor.
5. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS.
Any or all of the directors may be removed for cause by vote of the
shareholders or by action of the board. Directors may be removed without cause
only by vote of the shareholders.
6. RESIGNATION.
A director may resign at any time by giving written notice to the
board, the president or the secretary of the corporation. Unless otherwise
specified in the notice, the resignation shall take effect upon receipt thereof
by the board or such officer, and the acceptance of the resignation shall not be
necessary to make it effective.
7. QUORUM OF DIRECTORS.
Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, a
majority of the entire board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business or of any specified item of business.
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8. ACTION OF THE BOARD.
Unless otherwise required by law, the vote of a majority of the
directors present at the time of the vote, if a quorum is present at such time,
shall be the act of the board. Each director present shall have one vote
regardless of the number of shares, if any, which he may hold.
9. PLACE AND TIME OF BOARD MEETINGS.
The board may hold its meetings at the office of the corporation or at
such other places, either within or without the State of New York, as it may
from time to time determine.
10. REGULAR ANNUAL MEETING.
A regular annual meeting of the board shall be held immediately
following the annual meeting of shareholders at the place of such annual meeting
of shareholders.
11. NOTICE OF MEETINGS OF THE BOARD, ADJOURNMENT.
(a) Regular meetings of the board may be held without notice at such
time and place as it shall from time to time determine. Special meetings of the
board shall be held upon notice to the directors and may be called by the
president upon three days notice to each director either personally or by mail
or by wire; special meetings shall be called by the president or by the
secretary in like manner on written request of two directors. Notice of a
meeting need not be given to any director who submits a waiver of notice whether
before or after the meeting or who attends the meeting without protesting prior
thereto or at its commencement, the lack of notice to him.
(b) A majority of the directors present, whether or not a quorum is
present, may adjourn any meeting to another time and place. Notice of the
adjournment shall be given to all directors who were absent at the time of the
adjournment and, unless such time and place are announced at the meeting, to the
other directors.
12. CHAIRMAN.
At all meetings of the board, the president, or in his absence, a
chairman chosen by the board, shall preside.
13. EXECUTIVE AND OTHER COMMITTEES.
The board, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire board, may
designate from among its members an executive committee and other committees,
each consisting of three or more directors. Each such committee shall serve at
the pleasure of the board.
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14. COMPENSATION.
Compensation to be paid to directors, if any, shall be fixed by
resolution of the board and all non employee directors shall receive the same
compensation. Employee directors shall receive no compensation for their
services as director.
15. ACTION WITHOUT A MEETING.
Any action required or permitted to be taken by the board or a
committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board or
the committee consent in writing to the adoption of a resolution authorizing the
action. The resolution and the written consents thereto by the members of the
board or committee shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the
board or committee.
16. MEETING BY TELEPHONE CONFERENCE.
One or more of the members of the board or any committee thereof may
participate in a meeting of the board or such committee by means of a conference
telephone or similar communications equipment that allows all persons
participating in the meeting to hear each other at the same time. Such director
and/or committee member shall have theretofore been furnished with the meeting
agenda and copies of all documents and materials to be considered at such
meeting. Participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a
meeting.
ARTICLE IV - OFFICERS
1. OFFICES, ELECTION, TERM.
(a) Unless otherwise provided for in the certificate of incorporation,
the board may elect or appoint a president, one or more vice-presidents, a chief
financial officer, a secretary and a treasurer, and such other officers as it
may determine, who shall have such duties, powers and functions as hereinafter
provided.
(b) All officers shall be elected or appointed to hold office until the
meeting of the board following the annual meeting of shareholders.
(c) Each officer shall hold office for the term for which he is elected
or appointed and a until his successor has been elected or appointed and
qualified.
2. REMOVAL, RESIGNATION, SALARY, ETC.
(a) Any officer elected or appointed by the board may be removed by the
board with or without cause.
(b) In any event of the death, resignation or removal of an officer,
the board in its discretion may elect or appoint a successor to fill the
unexpired term.
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(c) Any two or more offices may be held by the same person, except the
offices of president and secretary. When all of the issued and outstanding stock
of the corporation is owned by one person, such person may hold all or any
combination of offices.
(d) The salaries of all officers shall be fixed by the board.
(e) The directors may require any officer to give security for the
faithful performance of his duties.
3. PRESIDENT.
The president shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation;
he shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the board; he shall
have the management of the business of the corporation and shall see that all
orders and resolutions of the board are carried into effect.
4. VICE-PRESIDENTS.
During the absence or disability of the president, the vice-president,
or if there are more than one, the executive vice-president, shall have all the
powers and functions of the president. Each vice-president shall perform such
other duties as the board shall prescribe.
5. SECRETARY.
The secretary shall:
(a) attend all meetings of the board and of the shareholders;
(b) record all votes and minutes of all proceedings in a book to be
kept for that purpose;
(c) give or cause to be given notice of all meetings of shareholders
and of special meetings of the board;
(d) keep in safe custody the seal of the corporation and affix it to
any instrument when authorized by the board;
(e) when required, prepare or cause to be prepared and available at
each meeting of shareholders a certified list in alphabetical order of the names
of shareholders entitled to vote thereat, indicating the number of shares of
each respective class held by each;
(f) keep all the documents and records of the corporation as required
by law or otherwise in a proper and safe manner; and
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(g) perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board.
6. ASSISTANT-SECRETARIES.
During the absence or disability of the secretary, the
assistant-secretary, or if there are more than one, then one so designated by
the secretary or by the board, shall have all the powers and functions of the
secretary.
7. TREASURER.
The treasurer shall:
(a) have the custody of the corporate funds and securities;
(b) keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in
the corporate books;
(c) deposit all money and other valuables in the name and to the credit
of the corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the board;
(d) disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered or
authorized by the board and preserve proper vouchers for such disbursements;
(e) render to the president and board at the regular meetings of the
board, or whenever they require it, an account of all his transactions as
treasurer and of the financial condition of the corporation;
(f) render a full financial report at the annual meeting of the
shareholders if so requested;
(g) be furnished by all corporate officers and agents at his request,
with such reports and statements as he may require as to all financial
transactions of the corporation; and
(h) perform such other duties as are given to him by these by-laws or
as from time to time are assigned to him by the board or the president.
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8. ASSISTANT-TREASURER.
During the absence or disability of the treasurer, the
assistant-treasurer, or if there are more than one, the one so designated by the
treasurer or by the board, shall have all the powers and functions of the
treasurer.
9. SURETIES AND BONDS.
In case the board shall so require, any officer or agent of the
corporation shall execute to the corporation a bond in such sum and with such
surety or sureties as the board may direct, conditioned upon the faithful
performance of his duties to the corporation and including responsibility for
negligence and for the accounting for all property, funds or securities of the
corporation which may come into his hands.
ARTICLE V - CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES
1. CERTIFICATES.
The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates.
They shall be numbered and entered in the books of the corporation as they are
issued. They shall exhibit the holder's name and the number of shares and shall
be signed by the president or a vice-president and the treasurer or the
secretary.
2. LOST OR DESTROYED CERTIFICATES.
The board may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in
place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the corporation,
alleged to have been lost or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that
fact by the person claiming the certificate to be lost or destroyed. When
authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the board may, in
its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the
owner of such lost or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal
representative, to advertise the same in such manner as it shall require and/or
give the corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as it
may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the
corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost or
destroyed.
3. TRANSFERS OF SHARES.
(a) Upon surrender to the corporation or the transfer agent of the
corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper
evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the
duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled
thereto, and cancel the old certificate; every such transfer shall be entered on
the transfer book of the corporation which shall be kept at its principal
office. No transfer shall be made within ten days next preceding the annual
meeting of shareholders.
(b) The corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of
any share as the holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to
recognize any equitable or other
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claim to or interest in such share on the part of any other person whether or
not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as expressly provided
by the laws of New York.
4. CLOSING TRANSFER BOOKS.
The board shall have the power to close the share transfer books of the
corporation for a period of not more than ten days during the thirty day period
immediately preceding (1) any shareholders' meeting, or (2) any date upon which
shareholders shall be called upon to or have a right to take action without a
meeting, or (3) any date fixed for the payment of a dividend or any other form
of distribution, and only those shareholders of record at the time the transfer
books are closed, shall be recognized as such for the purpose of (1) receiving
notice of or voting at such meeting, or (2) allowing them to take appropriate
action, or (3) entitling them to receive any dividend or other form of
distribution.
ARTICLE VI - INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS AND OTHER PERSONS
1. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.
The corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable
law, as amended from time to time, indemnify any person who is made, or
threatened to be made, a party to any action or proceeding, whether civil or
criminal, including an action by or in the right of the corporation to procure a
judgment in its favor or in the right of any other corporation of any type or
kind, domestic or foreign, or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee
benefit plan or other enterprise, which any director or officer of the
corporation served in any capacity at the request of the corporation, by reason
of the fact that he, his testator or intestate, is or was a director or officer
of the corporation, or served such other corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise in any capacity,
against judgments, fines, amounts paid in settlement, and reasonable expenses,
including attorney's fees actually and necessarily incurred as a result of such
action or proceeding, or any appeal therein, if such director or officer acted,
in good faith, for a purpose which he reasonably believed to be in, or, in the
case of service for any other corporation or any partnership, joint venture,
trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, not opposed to, the best
interests of the corporation and, in criminal actions or proceedings, in
addition, had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful;
except that, in the case an action by or in the right of the corporation to
procure a judgment in its favor, no indemnification under this paragraph shall
be made in respect of (1) a threatened action, or a pending action which is
settled or otherwise disposed of, or (2) any claim, issue or matter as to which
such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation, unless and
only to the extent that the court on which the action was brought, or, if no
action was brought, any court of competent jurisdiction, determines upon
application that, in view of all the circumstances of the case, the person is
fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such portion of the settlement
amount and expenses as the court deems proper.
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2. INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS.
The Corporation may indemnify any other person to whom the corporation
is permitted to provide indemnification or the advancement of expenses to the
fullest extent permitted by applicable law, whether pursuant to rights granted
pursuant to, or provided by, the New York Business Corporation Law or other
rights created by (i) a resolution of shareholders, (ii) a resolution of
directors, or (iii) an agreement provided for such indemnification, it being
expressly intended that this Article VI authorizes the creation of other rights
in any such manner.
3. REIMBURSEMENT AND ADVANCES.
The corporation may, from time to time, reimburse or advance to any
person referred to in Section 1 of this Article VI the funds necessary for
payment of expenses (including attorneys' fees, costs and charges) incurred in
connection with any action or proceeding referred to in Section 1 of this
Article VI, upon receipt of a written undertaking by or on behalf of such person
(i) to repay such amount(s) if such person is ultimately found, under the
procedures set forth in Article VII of the New York Business Corporation Law,
not to be entitled to indemnification or (ii) where indemnification is granted,
to repay any amount(s) received in excess of the amount of indemnification to
which such person is entitled. Nothing contained in this Section 3 shall limit
the right of the corporation, from time to time, to reimburse or advance funds
to any person referred to in Section 2 of this Article VI.
4. SERVING AT THE REQUEST OF THE CORPORATION.
Without limitation of any indemnification provided by Section 1 of this
Article VI, any director or officer of the corporation serving (i) another
corporation, partnership, joint venture or trust of which the majority of the
voting power or residual economic interest is held, directly or indirectly, by
the corporation, or (ii) any employee benefit plan of the corporation or any
entity referred to in clause (i) above, in any capacity, shall be deemed to be
doing so at the request of the corporation.
5. DETERMINATION OF ENTITLEMENT.
Any person entitled to be indemnified or to the reimbursement or
advancement of expenses as a matter of right pursuant to this Article VI may
elect to have the right to indemnification (or advancement of expenses)
interpreted on the basis of the applicable law in effect at the time of the
occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, to
the extent permitted by law, or on the basis of the applicable law in effect at
the time indemnification is sought.
6. CONTRACTUAL RIGHT.
The right to be indemnified or to the reimbursement or advancement of
expenses pursuant to Section 1 or 3 of this Article VI or a resolution
authorized pursuant to Section 2 of this Article VI (i) is a contract right
pursuant to which the person entitled thereto may bring suit as if the
provisions hereof (or of any such resolution) were set forth in a separate
written contract
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between the corporation and such person, (ii) is intended to be retroactive and
shall, to the extent permitted by law, be available with respect to events
occurring prior to the adoption hereof, and (iii) shall continue to exist after
the recision or restrictive modification hereof with respect to events occurring
prior thereto. The corporation shall not be obligated under this Article VI
(including any resolution or agreement authorized by Section 2 of this Article
VI) to make any payment hereunder (or under any such resolution or agreement) to
the extent the person seeking indemnification hereunder (or under any such
resolution or agreement) has actually received payment (under any such insurance
policy, resolution, agreement or otherwise) of the amounts otherwise
indemnifiable hereunder (or under any such resolution or agreement).
7. JUDICIAL CLAIMS.
If a request to be indemnified or for the reimbursement or advancement
of expenses pursuant to Section 1 or 3 of this Article VI is not paid in full by
the corporation within thirty days after a written claim has been received by
the corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the
corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in
whole or in part, the claimant shall be entitled also to be paid the expenses of
prosecuting such claim. Neither the failure of the corporation (including its
board, independent legal counsel or shareholders) to have made a determination
prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of or
reimbursement or advancement of expenses to the claimant is proper in the
circumstances, or an actual determination by the corporation (including its
board, independent legal counsel or shareholders) that the claimant is not
entitled to indemnification or to the reimbursement or advancement of expenses,
shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant is
not so entitled.
8. SUCCESSOR CORPORATION.
For purposes of this Article VI, the term "the corporation" shall
include any legal successor to the corporation, including any corporation which
acquires all or substantially all of the assets of the corporation in one or
more transactions.
9. NONEXCLUSIVITY.
The rights granted pursuant to or provided by the foregoing provisions
of this Article VI shall be in addition to and shall not be exclusive of any
other rights to indemnification and expenses to which such person may otherwise
be entitled by law, contract or otherwise.
ARTICLE VII - DIVIDENDS
Subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation and to
applicable law, dividends on the outstanding shares of the corporation may be
declared in such amounts and at
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such time or times as the board may determine. Before payment of any dividend,
there may be set aside out of the net profits of the corporation available for
dividends such sum or sums as the board from time to time in its absolute
discretion deems proper as a reserve fund to meet contingencies, or for
equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the
corporation, or for such other purpose as the board shall think conducive to the
interests of the corporation, and the board may modify or abolish any such
reserve.
ARTICLE VIII - CORPORATE SEAL
The seal of the corporation shall be circular in form and bear the name
of the corporation, the year of its organization and the words "Corporate Seal,
New York." The seal may be used by causing it to be impressed directly on the
instrument or writing to be sealed, or upon adhesive substance affixed thereto.
The seal on any corporate obligation for the payment of money may be a
facsimile, engraved or printed.
ARTICLE IX - EXECUTION OF INSTRUMENTS
All corporate instruments and documents shall be signed or
countersigned, executed, verified or acknowledged by such officer or officers or
other person or persons as the board may from time to time designate.
ARTICLE X - FISCAL YEAR
The fiscal year shall begin the first day of January in each year, or
otherwise as the board shall, from time to time, determine.
ARTICLE XI - REFERENCES TO CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
Reference to the certificate of incorporation in these by-laws shall
include all amendments thereto or changes thereof unless specifically excepted.
ARTICLE XII - BY-LAW CHANGES
AMENDMENT, REPEAL, ADOPTION, ELECTION OF DIRECTORS.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation,
the by-laws may be amended, repealed or adopted by vote of the holders of the
shares at the time entitled to vote in the election of any directors. By-laws
may also be amended, repealed or adopted by the board
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but any by-law adopted by the board may be amended by the shareholders entitled
to vote thereon as hereinabove provided.
(b) If any by-law regulating an impending election of directors is
adopted, amended or repealed by the board, there shall be set forth in the
notice of the next meeting of shareholders for the election of directors the
by-law so adopted, amended or repealed, together with a concise statement of the
changes made.