By-Laws - Borders Group Inc.
RESTATED
BY-LAWS
OF
BORDERS GROUP, INC.
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
SECTION 1. Registered Office. The registered office of Borders Group,
Inc. (hereinafter called the "Corporation") shall be in the City of Ann Arbor,
County of Washtenaw, State of Michigan.
SECTION 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at such
other places both within and without the State of Michigan as the Board of
Directors may from time to time determine.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
SECTION 1. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the stockholders for the
election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held at such time and
place, either within or without the State of Michigan as shall be designated
from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the
meeting.
SECTION 2. Annual Meetings. The Annual Meetings of Stockholders shall
be held on such date and at such time as shall be designated from time to time
by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, at which
meetings the stockholders shall elect by a plurality vote a Board of Directors,
and transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting.
Written notice of the Annual Meeting stating the place, date and hour of the
meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not
less than 10 days nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting.
SECTION 3. Special Meetings. Unless otherwise prescribed by law or by
the Articles of Incorporation, Special Meetings of Stockholders, for any purpose
or purposes, may be called only by the Chief Executive Officer or by the Board
of Directors acting pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the entire
Board of Directors. Written notice of a Special Meeting stating the place, date
and hour of the meeting and the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is
called shall be given not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days before the
date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting.
SECTION 4. Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the
Articles of Incorporation, the holders of a majority of the capital stock issued
and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented
by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the
transaction of business. If, however, such quorum shall not be present
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or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled to
vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to
adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at
the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned
meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be
transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally
noticed.
SECTION 5. Voting. Each stockholder represented at a meeting of
stockholders shall be entitled to cast one vote for each share of the capital
stock entitled to vote thereat held by such stockholder. Such votes may be
cast in person or by proxy but no proxy shall be voted on or after three years
from its date, unless such proxy provides for a longer period. The Board of
Directors, in its discretion, or the officer of the Corporation presiding at a
meeting of stockholders, in his discretion, may require that any votes cast at
such meeting shall be cast by written ballot.
SECTION 6. List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote. The officer of the
Corporation who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare
and make a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting,
arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and
the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall
be open to the examination of any stockholder at the time and place of the
meeting during the whole time thereof.
SECTION 7. Stock Ledger. The stock ledger of the Corporation shall be
the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock
ledger, the list required by Section 6 of this Article II or the books of the
Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.
SECTION 8. Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations.
(A) Annual Meetings of Stockholders. (1) Nominations of persons for
election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation and the proposal of
business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting
of stockholders (a) pursuant to the Corporation's notice of meeting, (b) by or
at the direction of the Board of Directors or (c) by any stockholder of the
Corporation who was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice
provided for in this By-Law, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who
complied with the notice procedures set forth in this By-Law.
(2) For nominations or other business to be properly brought
before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (c) of paragraph
(A)(1) of this By-Law, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in
writing to the Secretary of the Corporation and such other business must be a
proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder's notice
shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the
Corporation not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier
than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the first anniversary of
the preceding year's annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that
the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days
after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so
delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such
annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the
90th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on
which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. In no
event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of an annual meeting
commence a new time period for giving of a stockholder's notice as described
above. Such stockholder's notice shall set forth (a) as to each person whom the
stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director all
information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in
solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or
is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") and Rule 14a-11
thereunder (including such person's written consent to being named in the proxy
statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); (b) as to any
other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a
brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the
reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest
in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose
behalf the proposal is made, and (c) as to
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the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose
behalf the nomination or proposal is made (i) the name and address of such
stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation's books, and of such beneficial
owner and (ii) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are owned
beneficially and of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of
paragraph (A)(2) of this By-Law to the contrary, in the event that the number of
directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the Corporation is
increased and there is no public announcement naming all the nominees for
director or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors made by the
Corporation at least 100 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding
year's annual meeting, a stockholder's notice required by this By-Law shall also
be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions
created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the
principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of
business on the 10th day following the day on which such public announcement is
first made by the Corporation.
(B) Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be
conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before
the meeting pursuant to the Corporation's notice of meeting. Nominations of
persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting
of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the
Corporation's notice of meeting (a) by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors or (b) by any stockholders for the Corporation who is a stockholder of
record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this By-Law, who shall be
entitled to vote a the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set
forth in this By-Law. In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of
stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board of
Directors, any such stockholder may nominate a person or persons (as the case
may be), for election to such position(s) as specified in the Corporation's
notice of meeting, if the stockholder's notice required by paragraph (A)(2) of
this By-Law shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive
offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the 120th
day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on
the later of the 90th day prior to such special meeting or the 10th day
following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the
special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be
elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of an
adjournment of a special meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a
stockholder's notice as described above.
(C) General. (1) Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with
the procedures set forth in this By-Law shall be eligible to serve as directors
and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall
have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth
in this By-Law. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of
Incorporation or the By-Laws of the Corporation, the Chairman of the meeting
shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business
proposed to be brought before the meeting was made, or proposed, as the case may
be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this By-Law and, if any
proposed nomination or business in not in compliance with this By-Law, to
declare that such defective proposal or nomination shall be disregarded.
(2) For purposes of this Law "public announcement" shall mean
disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service,
Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly
filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant
to Section 13, 14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
(3) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this By-Law,
a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the
Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the
matters set forth in this By-Law. Nothing in this By-Law shall be deemed to
affect any rights of (i) stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the
Corporation's proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act or
(ii) the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors under
specified circumstances.
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ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
SECTION 1. Number and Election of Directors. The Board of Directors
shall consist of not less than three nor more than eleven members, with the
exact number of directors to be determined from time to time by resolution
adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office.
Except as provided in Section 2 of this Article, directors shall be elected by a
plurality of the votes cast at annual meetings of stockholders, and each
director so elected shall hold office until the next annual meeting and until
his successor is duly elected and qualified, or until his earlier resignation or
removal. Any director may resign at any time upon notice to the Corporation.
Directors need not be stockholders.
SECTION 2. Vacancies. Vacancies and newly created directorships
resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled
by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by
a sole remaining director, and the directors so chosen
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shall hold office until the next annual election and until their successors are
duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal.
SECTION 3. Duties and Powers. The business of the Corporation shall be
managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors which may exercise
all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are
not by statute or by the Articles of Incorporation or by these By-Laws directed
or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.
SECTION 4. Meetings. The Board of Directors of the Corporation may hold
meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of
Michigan. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice
at such time and at such place as may from time to time be determined by the
Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by
the Chairman of the Board, if there be one, the President, or by a majority of
the directors then in office. Notice thereof stating the place, date and hour of
the meeting shall be given to each director either by mail not less than
forty-eight (48) hours before the date of the meeting, by telephone or telegram
or similar means of communication on twenty-four (24) hours notice, or on such
shorter notice as the person or persons calling such meeting may deem necessary
or appropriate in the circumstances.
SECTION 5. Quorum. Except as may be otherwise specifically provided by
law, the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws, at all meetings of the
Board of Directors, a majority of the entire Board of Directors shall constitute
a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the
directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of
the Board of Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the
Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from
time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a
quorum shall be present.
SECTION 6. Actions of Board Without a Meeting. Unless otherwise
provided by the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any action required
or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any
committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all the members of the
Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing,
and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the
Board of Directors or committee.
SECTION 7. Meeting by Means of Conference Telephone. Unless otherwise
provided by the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws, members of the Board
of Directors of the Corporation, or any committee designated by the Board of
Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such
committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment
by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other,
and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 7 shall constitute
presence in person at such meeting.
SECTION 8. Compensation. The directors may be paid their expenses, if
any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a
fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated
salary as director. No such payment shall
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preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and
receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may
be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.
SECTION 9. Interested Directors. No contract or transaction between the
Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the
Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other
organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors or
officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for
this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or
participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof which
authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because the votes of such
director are counted for such purpose if (i) the material facts as to the
relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or
are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board of Directors
or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the
affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors; or (ii) the
material facts as to the relationship or interest and as to the contract or
transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote
thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith
by vote of the stockholders; or (iii) the contract or transaction is fair as to
the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the
Board of Directors, a committee thereof or the stockholders. Common or
interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a
meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee which authorizes the
contract or transaction.
ARTICLE IV
COMMITTEES
SECTION 1. Audit Committee. There shall be an audit committee
consisting of not less than two members of the Board of Directors who are not
officers of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries with the members thereof
designated by the entire Board of Directors. The audit committee shall review
and make recommendations regarding the Corporation's employment of independent
accountants, the annual audit of the Corporation's financial statements and the
Corporation's internal controls, accounting practices and policies. From time to
time, as considered necessary and desirable, the committee shall confer with
such accountants for the exchanging of views relating to the scope and results
of the auditing of books and accounts of the Corporation and shall provide to
the Board of Directors such assistance as may be required with respect to the
corporate and reporting practices of the Corporation. The audit committee shall
perform such other duties as the Board of Directors may prescribe.
SECTION 2. Compensation Committee. There shall be a compensation
committee consisting of not less than two members of the Board of Directors who
are not officers of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries with the members
thereof designated by the entire Board of Directors. The compensation committee
shall make recommendations to the Board of Directors regarding the nature and
amount of compensation for executive officers of the Corporation and, as may be
prescribed by the Board of Directors, administer certain of the Corporation's
employee benefit plans. The compensation committee shall perform such other
duties as the Board of Directors may prescribe.
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SECTION 3. Committee Vacancies; Quorum, Voting and Procedures. Each
member of a committee shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors, and
vacancies on a committee may be filled by the Board of Directors at any time.
The Board of Directors may also increase the number of members of a committee at
any time. A majority of all members of a committee shall constitute a quorum,
and the affirmative vote of a majority of all the members of a committee shall
constitute the action of the committee. The Board of Directors may designate one
or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any
absent or disqualified member at any meeting of any such committee. In the
absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, and in the absence of a
designation by the Board of Directors of an alternate member to replace the
absent or disqualified member, the member or members thereof present at any
meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not a quorum is
constituted, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to
act at the meeting in the place of any absent or disqualified member. Each
committee shall determine its own rules of procedure and shall meet as provided
by such rules, or by resolution of the Board of Directors, or on the call of any
member thereof. Each committee shall keep regular minutes and report to the
Board of Directors when required.
SECTION 4. Other Committees. From time to time, the Board of Directors
may constitute and appoint any other committee or committees which the Board of
Directors may deem necessary or proper for the conduct of the Corporation's
business. Any such committee created by the Board of Directors shall have such
duties, powers and authority as shall be specified in the resolution
constituting such committee.
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
SECTION 1. General. The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by
the Board of Directors and shall be a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer.
The Board of Directors, in its discretion, may also choose a Chairman of the
Board (who must be a director), one or more Vice Chairmen of the Board (who need
not be directors), and one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries,
Assistant Treasurers and other officers. Any number of offices may be held by
the same person, unless otherwise prohibited by law, the Articles of
Incorporation or these By-Laws. The officers of the Corporation need not be
stockholders of the Corporation nor, except in the case of the Chairman of the
Board, need such officers be directors of the Corporation.
SECTION 2. Election. The Board of Directors at its first meeting held
after each annual meeting of stockholders shall elect the officers of the
Corporation who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such
powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the
Board of Directors; and all officers of the Corporation shall hold office until
their successors are chosen and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or
removal. Any officer elected by the Board of Directors may be removed at any
time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. Any
vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board
of Directors. The salaries of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by
the Board of Directors or a committee thereof.
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SECTION 3. Voting Securities Owed by the Corporation. Powers of
attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents and other instruments
relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of
and on behalf of the Corporation by the President or any Vice President and any
such officer may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such
action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at
any meeting of security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may
own securities and at any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and
all rights and power incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as
the owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed if
present. The Board of Directors, may, by resolution, from time to time confer
like powers upon any other person or persons.
SECTION 4. Chief Executive and Chief Operating Officers. The Board of
Directors shall designate one of the Corporation's officers as the chief
executive officer and may, from time to time, but shall not be required to do
so, designate one of the officers as the chief operating officer. In the absence
of any designation, the President shall serve as the chief executive officer.
Subject to the direction of the Board of Directors, the chief executive officer
shall have general supervision of the Corporation's business, departments,
officers, and employees, and shall prescribe duties of other officers and
employees insofar as they are not specified by the By-Laws or by the Board of
Directors. The chief executive officer shall preside at all meetings of the
stockholders and Board of Directors. The chief operating officer shall have such
duties as may be designated by the chief executive officer or by the Board of
Directors.
SECTION 5. Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board shall
perform such duties as may be designated by the chief executive officer or by
the Board of Directors. In the chief executive officer's absence or disability,
the Chairman shall preside at meetings of the stockholders and Board of
Directors.
SECTION 6. Vice Chairman of the Board. The Vice Chairman of the Board
shall perform such duties as may be designated by the chief executive officer or
by the Board of Directors. In the chief executive officer's and Chairman's
absence or disability, the Vice Chairman shall preside at meetings of the
stockholders and Board of Directors.
SECTION 7. President. The President shall perform such duties as may be
designated by the chief executive officer or by the Board of Directors, and
shall have authority to execute on behalf of the Corporation any and all
contracts, agreements, bonds, deeds, mortgages, leases or other obligations of
the Corporation. In the absence or incapacity of the President, the Board of
Directors shall determine which other officer shall perform the duties of that
office.
SECTION 8. Vice Presidents. The Vice Presidents shall perform such
duties as may be designated by the chief executive officer, subject to the
direction of the Board of Directors. Any Vice President shall have authority to
execute on behalf of the Corporation any and all contracts, agreements, bonds,
deeds, mortgages, leases or other obligations of the Corporation.
SECTION 9. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the custody of and the
responsibility for all funds and securities of the Corporation, subject to the
control of the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall keep bank accounts in the
name of the Corporation. The Treasurer shall
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perform all duties incident to the position of Treasurer, subject to the control
of the Board of Directors, and shall have authority to sign and endorse all
notes, checks, drafts and other obligations of the Corporation.
SECTION 10. Secretary. The Secretary shall keep a record in proper
books provided for that purpose of all the meetings and proceedings of the Board
of Directors and the minutes of the stockholders meetings, and shall keep such
other records and shall perform such other duties as the Board of Directors or
the chief executive officer shall designate. The Secretary shall notify the
directors and stockholders of their respective meetings, shall attend to the
giving and service of all notices of the Corporation, and shall in general do
and perform all the duties pertaining to the office, subject to the control of
the Board of Directors.
SECTION 11. Other Officers. Such other officers as the Board of
Directors may choose shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time
to time may be assigned to them by the chief executive officer or the Board of
Directors. The Board of Directors may delegate to any other officer of the
Corporation the power to choose such other officers and to prescribe their
respective duties and powers.
ARTICLE VI
STOCK
SECTION 1. Form of Certificates. Every holder of stock in the
Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed, in the name of the
Corporation (i) by the Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice President
and (ii) by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by
the holder in the Corporation.
SECTION 2. Signatures. When a certificate is countersigned by (i) a
transfer agent other than the Corporation or its employees, or (ii) a registrar
other than the Corporation or its employees, any other signature on a
certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar
who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate
shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such
certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect
as if such person was such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of
issue.
SECTION 3. Lost Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct a new
certificate to be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the
Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of
an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be
lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate, the
Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the
issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed
certificate, or such owner's legal representative, to advertise the same in such
manner as the Board of Directors shall require and/or to give the Corporation a
bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be
made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have
been lost, stolen or destroyed.
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SECTION 4. Transfers. Stock of the Corporation shall be transferable in
the manner prescribed by law and in these By-Laws. Transfers of stock shall be
made on the books of the Corporation only by the person named in the certificate
or by such person's attorney lawfully constituted in writing and upon the
surrender of the certificate therefor, which shall be canceled before a new
certificate shall be issued.
SECTION 5. Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine the
stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or
any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other
distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in
respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of
any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record
date, which shall not be more than 60 days nor less than 10 days before the date
of such meeting, nor more than 60 days prior to any other action. A
determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a
meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided,
however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned
meeting.
SECTION 6. Beneficial Owners. The Corporation shall be entitled to
recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner
of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall not be
bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or
shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or
other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by law.
ARTICLE VII
NOTICES
SECTION 1. Notices. Whenever written notice is required by law, the
Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws, to be given to any director, member
of a committee or stockholder, such notice may be given by mail, addressed to
such director, member of a committee or stockholder, at his or her address as it
appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and
such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be
deposited in the United States mail. Written notice may also be given personally
or by telegram, telex or cable.
SECTION 2. Waivers of Notice. Whenever any notice is required by law,
the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws, to be given to any director,
member of a committee or stockholder, a waiver thereof in writing, signed, by
the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time
stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto.
ARTICLE VIII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 1. Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the
Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation, if any,
may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting, and
may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock.
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SECTION 2. Disbursements. All checks or demands for money and notes of
the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person
or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.
SECTION 3. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be
fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.
SECTION 4. Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall have inscribed
thereon the name of the Corporation and the words "Corporate Seal, Michigan".
The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or
affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
SECTION 5. Control Share Acquisitions. Chapter 7B of the Michigan
Business Corporation Act (being Section 450.1790 through 450.1799 of Michigan
Compiled Laws) shall not apply to control share acquisitions of shares of the
Corporation's capital stock.
ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENTS
SECTION 1. These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed, in whole
or in part, or new By-Laws may be adopted by the stockholders or by the Board of
Directors, provided, however, that notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal
or adoption of new By-Laws be contained in the notice of such meeting of
stockholders or Board of Directors as the case may be. All such amendments must
be approved by either the holders of a majority of the outstanding capital stock
entitled to vote thereon or by a majority of the entire Board of Directors then
in office.
SECTION 2. Entire Board of Directors. As used in this Article IX and in
these By-Laws generally, the term "entire Board of Directors" means the exact
number of directors determined pursuant to Section 1 of Article III.