Indemnification Agreement - Evergreen Solar Inc. and Philip J. Deutch
EVERGREEN SOLAR, INC.
INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT
This Indemnification Agreement (the "Agreement") is made as of May
15, 2003, by and between Evergreen Solar, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the
"Company"), and Philip J. Deutch (the "Indemnitee").
WHEREAS, the Company and Indemnitee recognize the substantial
increase in corporate litigation in general, subjecting officers and directors
to expensive litigation risks;
WHEREAS, Indemnitee does not regard the current protection available
as adequate under the present circumstances, and Indemnitee and other officers
and directors of the Company may not be willing to continue to serve as officers
and directors without additional protection; and
WHEREAS, the Company desires to attract and retain the services of
highly qualified individuals, such as Indemnitee, to serve as officers and
directors of the Company and to indemnify its officers and directors so as to
provide them with the maximum protection permitted by law;
WHEREAS, in view of such considerations, the Company desires to
provide, independent from the indemnification to which the Indemnitee is
otherwise entitled by law and under the Third Amended and Restated Certificate
of Incorporation of the Company, as amended from time to time (the "Certificate
of Incorporation"), and the by-laws of the Company, as amended from time to time
(the "By-laws"), indemnification to the Indemnitee and advances of expenses, all
as set forth in this Agreement to the maximum extent permitted by law;
NOW, THEREFORE, to induce the Indemnitee to continue to serve the
Company and in consideration of these premises and the mutual agreements set
forth in this Agreement, as well as other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the
Indemnitee hereby agree as follows:
1. Indemnification.
(a) Third Party Proceedings. The Company shall indemnify
Indemnitee if Indemnitee is or was a party or is threatened to be made a party
to any threatened, pending or completed action or proceeding, whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the
right of the Company) by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was a
director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or any subsidiary of the
Company, by reason of any action or inaction on the
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part of Indemnitee while an officer or director or by reason of the fact that
Indemnitee is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director,
officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees),
judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement (if such settlement is approved
in advance by the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld)
actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with such action or
proceeding if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner Indemnitee
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
Company, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no
reasonable cause to believe Indemnitee's conduct was unlawful. The termination
of any action or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon
a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a
presumption that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner which
Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of
the Company, or with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, that
Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that Indemnitee's conduct was
unlawful.
(b) Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company. The
Company shall indemnify Indemnitee if Indemnitee was or is a party or is
threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or
proceeding by or in the right of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company to
procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was
a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or any subsidiary of the
Company, by reason of any action or inaction on the part of Indemnitee while an
officer or director or by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was serving
at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of
another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise,
against expenses (including attorneys' fees) and, to the fullest extent
permitted by law, amounts paid in settlement, in each case to the extent
actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the defense or
settlement of such action or proceeding if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in
a manner Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best
interests of the Company and its shareholders, except that no indemnification
shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which Indemnitee
shall have been finally adjudicated by court orders or judgment to be liable to
the Company in the performance of Indemnitee's duty to the Company and its
shareholders unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery
or any other court in which such action or proceeding is or was brought shall
determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in
view of all the circumstances of the case, Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably
entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or other
such court shall deem proper.
(c) Mandatory Payment of Expenses. To the extent that
Indemnitee has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any
action, suit or proceeding referred to in Section l(a) or Section 1(b) hereof or
the defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, Indemnitee shall be
indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably
incurred by Indemnitee in connection therewith. Without limiting the foregoing,
if any action, suit or proceeding is disposed of, on the merits or otherwise
(including a disposition without prejudice), without (i) the disposition being
adverse to the Indemnitee, (ii) an adjudication that the Indemnitee was
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liable to the Company, (iii) a plea of guilty or nolo contendere by the
Indemnitee, (iv) an adjudication that the Indemnitee did not act in good faith
and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best
interests of the Company, and (v) with respect to any criminal proceeding, an
adjudication that the Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe his conduct was
unlawful, the Indemnitee shall be considered for the purpose hereof to have been
wholly successful with respect thereto.
2. Expenses; Indemnification Procedure.
(a) Advancement of Expenses. The Company shall advance all
expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the investigation, defense,
settlement or appeal of any civil or criminal action or proceeding referenced in
Section 1(a) or Section 1(b) hereof (but not amounts actually paid in settlement
of any such action or proceeding). Indemnitee hereby undertakes to repay such
amounts advanced only if, and to the extent that, it shall ultimately be
determined that Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company as
authorized hereby. The advances to be made hereunder shall be paid by the
Company to Indemnitee within ten (10) days following receipt of an undertaking
(the "Undertaking"), substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 1, by
or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay the amount of any such advance if and to
the extent that it shall ultimately be determined that the Indemnitee is not
entitled to indemnification for such amount. The Undertaking shall be unsecured
and shall bear no interest.
(b) Notice/Cooperation by Indemnitee. Indemnitee shall, as a
condition precedent to his or her right to be indemnified under this Agreement,
give the Company notice in writing as soon as practicable of any claim made
against Indemnitee for which indemnification is or will be sought under this
Agreement. Notice to the Company shall be directed to the Chief Executive
Officer of the Company at the address shown on the signature page of this
Agreement (or such other address as the Company shall designate in writing to
Indemnitee). Notice shall be deemed received three (3) business days after the
date postmarked if sent by domestic certified or registered mail, properly
addressed; otherwise notice shall be deemed received when such notice shall
actually be received by the Company. In addition, Indemnitee shall give the
Company such information and cooperation as it may reasonably require and as
shall be within Indemnitee's power.
(c) Procedure. Any indemnification and advances provided for
in Section 1 hereof and this Section 2 shall be made promptly, and in any event
within 60 days after receipt by the Company of the written request of the
Indemnitee, unless with respect to such requests the Company determines, by
clear and convincing evidence, within such 60-day period that the Indemnitee did
not meet the applicable standard of conduct. Such determination shall be made in
each instance by: (a) a majority vote of the directors of the Company who are
not at that time parties to the action, suit or proceeding in question
("disinterested directors"), even though less than a quorum; (b) a committee of
such disinterested directors designated by majority vote of such disinterested
directors, even though less than a quorum; (c) if there are no such
disinterested directors, or if such disinterested directors so direct, by
independent legal counsel (who may be regular legal
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counsel to the Company) in a written opinion; or (d) a majority vote of a quorum
of the outstanding shares of stock of all classes entitled to vote for
directors, voting as a single class, which quorum shall consist of stockholders
who are not at that time parties to the action, suit or proceeding in question.
If a claim under this Agreement, under any statute, or under any provision of
the Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws providing for indemnification, is
not paid in full by the Company within the time allowed, Indemnitee may, but
need not, at any time thereafter bring an action against the Company to recover
the unpaid amount of the claim and, subject to Section 10 hereof, Indemnitee
shall also be entitled to be paid for the expenses (including attorneys' fees)
of bringing such action. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an
action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in connection with any
action or proceeding in advance of its final disposition) that Indemnitee has
not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under applicable law
for the Company to indemnify Indemnitee for the amount claimed, but the burden
of proving such defense shall be on the Company and Indemnitee shall be entitled
to receive interim payments of expenses pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof unless
and until such defense may be finally adjudicated by court order or judgment
from which no further right of appeal exists. It is the parties' intention that
if the Company contests Indemnitee's right to indemnification, the question of
Indemnitee's right to indemnification shall be for the court to decide, and
neither the failure of the Company (including its Board of Directors (the "Board
of Directors"), any committee or subgroup of the Board of Directors, independent
legal counsel, or its shareholders) to have made a determination that
indemnification of Indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because Indemnitee
has met the applicable standard of conduct required by applicable law, nor an
actual determination by the Company (including the Board of Directors, any
committee or subgroup of the Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or
its shareholders) that Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of
conduct, shall create a presumption that Indemnitee has or has not met the
applicable standard of conduct.
(d) Notice to Insurers. If, at the time of the receipt of a
notice of a claim pursuant to Section 2(b) hereof, the Company has director and
officer liability insurance in effect, the Company shall give prompt notice of
the commencement of such proceeding to the insurers in accordance with the
procedures set forth in the respective policies. The Company shall thereafter
take all necessary or desirable action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf
of the Indemnitee, all amounts payable as a result of such proceeding in
accordance with the terms of such policies.
(e) Assumption of Defense and Selection of Counsel. In the
event the Company shall be obligated under Section 2(a) hereof to pay the
expenses of any proceeding against Indemnitee, the Company, if appropriate,
shall be entitled to assume the defense of such proceeding, with counsel
approved by Indemnitee, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, upon
the delivery to Indemnitee of written notice of its election so to do.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not be permitted to settle any
action or claim on behalf of Indemnitee in any manner which would impose any
unindemnified liability or penalty on the Indemnitee or require any
acknowledgment of wrongdoing on the part of Indemnitee without Indemnitee's
written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. After
delivery of such notice,
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approval of such counsel by Indemnitee and the retention of such counsel by the
Company, the Company will not be liable to Indemnitee under this Agreement for
any fees of counsel subsequently incurred by Indemnitee with respect to the same
proceeding; provided, that (i) Indemnitee shall have the right to employ his or
her counsel in any such proceeding at Indemnitee's expense; and (ii) if (A) the
employment of separate counsel by Indemnitee has been previously authorized by
the Company, (B) Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded that there may be a
conflict of interest between the Company and Indemnitee in the conduct of any
such defense, or (C) the Company shall not, in fact, have employed counsel to
assume the defense of such proceeding, then the fees and expenses of
Indemnitee's counsel shall be at the expense of the Company. The Company shall
not be entitled, without the consent of the Indemnitee, to assume the defense of
any claim brought by or in the right of the Company or as to which counsel for
the Indemnitee shall have reasonably made the conclusion provided for in clause
(ii)(B) above.
3. Additional Indemnification Rights; Nonexclusivity.
(a) Scope. Notwithstanding any other provision of this
Agreement, the Company hereby agrees to indemnify the Indemnitee to the fullest
extent permitted by law, notwithstanding that such indemnification is not
specifically authorized by the other provisions of this Agreement, the
Certificate of Incorporation, the By-laws or by statute. In the event of any
change, after the date of this Agreement, in any applicable law, statute, or
rule which expands the right of a Delaware corporation to indemnify a member of
its board of directors or an officer, such changes shall be, ipso facto, within
the purview of Indemnitee's rights and the Company's obligations under this
Agreement. In the event of any change in any applicable law, statute or rule
which narrows the right of a Delaware corporation to indemnify a member of its
board of directors or an officer, such changes, to the extent not otherwise
required by such law, statute or rule to be applied to this Agreement shall have
no effect on this Agreement or the parties' rights and obligations hereunder.
(b) Nonexclusivity. The indemnification provided by this
Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights to which Indemnitee may be
entitled under the Certificate of Incorporation, the By-laws, any agreement, any
vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, the Delaware General
Corporation Law ("DGCL"), or otherwise, both as to action in Indemnitee's
official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such
office. The indemnification provided under this Agreement shall continue as to
Indemnitee for any action taken or not taken while serving in an indemnified
capacity even though he or she may have ceased to serve in any such capacity at
the time of any action, suit or other covered proceeding.
4. Partial Indemnification. If Indemnitee is entitled under any
provision of this Agreement to indemnification by the Company for some or a
portion of the expenses, judgments, fines or penalties actually or reasonably
incurred by him in the investigation, defense, appeal or settlement of any civil
or criminal action or proceeding, but not, however, for the total amount
thereof, the Company shall nevertheless indemnify
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Indemnitee for the portion of such expenses, judgments, fines or penalties to
which Indemnitee is entitled.
5. Officer and Director Liability Insurance. The Company shall,
from time to time, make the good faith determination whether or not it is
practicable for the Company to obtain and maintain a policy or policies of
insurance with reputable insurance companies providing the officers and
directors of the Company with coverage for losses from wrongful acts, or to
ensure the Company's performance of its indemnification obligations under this
Agreement. Among other considerations, the Company will weigh the costs of
obtaining such insurance coverage against the protection afforded by such
coverage. In all policies of director and officer liability insurance,
Indemnitee shall be named as an insured in such a manner as to provide
Indemnitee the same rights and benefits as are accorded to the most favorably
insured of the Company's directors, if Indemnitee is a director; or of the
Company's officers, if Indemnitee is not a director of the Company but is an
officer; or of the Company's key employees, if Indemnitee is not an officer or
director but is a key employee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall
have no obligation to obtain or maintain such insurance if the Company
determines in good faith that such insurance is not reasonably available, if the
premium costs for such insurance are disproportionate to the amount of coverage
provided, if the coverage provided by such insurance is limited by exclusions so
as to provide an insufficient benefit, or if Indemnitee is covered by similar
insurance maintained by a subsidiary or parent of the Company.
6. Severability. Nothing in this Agreement is intended to require
or shall be construed as requiring the Company to do or fail to do any act in
violation of applicable law. The Company's inability, pursuant to court order,
to perform its obligations under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach of
this Agreement. The provisions of this Agreement shall be severable as provided
in this Section 6. If this Agreement or any portion hereof shall be invalidated
on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Company shall
nevertheless indemnify Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by any
applicable portion of this Agreement that shall not have been invalidated, and
the balance of this Agreement not so invalidated shall be enforceable in
accordance with its terms.
7. Exceptions. Any other provision herein to the contrary
notwithstanding, the Company shall not be obligated pursuant to the terms of
this Agreement:
(a) Claims Initiated by Indemnitee. To indemnify or advance
expenses to Indemnitee with respect to proceedings or claims initiated or
brought voluntarily by Indemnitee and not by way of defense, except with respect
to proceedings brought to establish or enforce a right to indemnification under
this Agreement or any other statute or law or otherwise as required under
Section 145 of the DGCL, but such indemnification or advancement of expenses may
be provided by the Company in specific cases if the Board of Directors has
approved the initiation of such suit; or
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(b) Lack of Good Faith. To indemnify Indemnitee for any
expenses incurred by Indemnitee with respect to any proceeding instituted by
Indemnitee to enforce or interpret this Agreement, if a court of competent
jurisdiction determines that each of the material assertions made by Indemnitee
in such proceeding was not made in good faith or was frivolous; or
(c) Insured Claims. To indemnify Indemnitee for expenses or
liabilities of any type whatsoever (including, but not limited to, judgments,
fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties, and amounts paid in settlement) to the
extent such expenses or liabilities have been paid directly to Indemnitee by an
insurance carrier under a policy of officers' and directors' liability insurance
maintained by the Company; or
(d) Claims under Section 16(b). To indemnify Indemnitee for
expenses or the payment of profits arising from the purchase and sale by
Indemnitee of securities in violation of Section 16(b) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any similar successor statute; or
(e) To indemnify Indemnitee for any acts or omissions, or
transactions from which a director may not be relieved of liability under
applicable law or pertinent public policy.
8. Construction of Certain Phrases.
(a) For purposes of this Agreement, references to the
"Company" shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any
constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in
a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would
have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees
or agents, so that if Indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee or
agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of
such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of
another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise,
Indemnitee shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this
Agreement with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as Indemnitee
would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate
existence had continued.
(b) For purposes of this Agreement, references to "other
enterprises" shall include employee benefit plans; references to "fines" shall
include any excise taxes assessed on Indemnitee with respect to an employee
benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request of the Company" shall
include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company
which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer,
employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants, or
beneficiaries.
9. Effectiveness of Agreement. This Agreement shall be effective
as of the date set forth on the first page and may apply to acts or omissions of
Indemnitee which occurred prior to such date if Indemnitee was an officer,
director, employee or other agent of the Company, or was serving at the request
of the Company as a director, officer, employee or
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agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other
enterprise, as the time such act or omission occurred.
10. Attorneys' Fees. In the event that any action is instituted by
Indemnitee under this Agreement to enforce or interpret any of the terms hereof,
Indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid all court costs and expenses, including
reasonable attorneys' fees, incurred by Indemnitee with respect to such action,
unless as a part of such action, the Delaware Court of Chancery determines that
each of the material assertions made by Indemnitee as a basis for such action
were not made in good faith or were frivolous. In the event of an action
instituted by or in the name of the Company under this Agreement or to enforce
or interpret any of the terms of this Agreement, Indemnitee shall be entitled to
be paid all court costs and expenses, including attorneys' fees, incurred by
Indemnitee in defense of such action (including with respect to Indemnitee's
counterclaims and cross-claims made in such action), unless as a part of such
action the court determines that each of Indemnitee's material defenses to such
action were made in bad faith or were frivolous.
11. No Rights of Continued Service. This Agreement shall not
impose any obligation of the Company to continue Indemnitee's service to the
Company beyond any period otherwise required by law or by other agreements or
commitments of the parties, if any.
12. Miscellaneous.
(a) Governing Law. This Agreement and all acts and
transactions pursuant hereto and the rights and obligations of the parties
hereto shall be governed, construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws
of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to principles of conflict of
law.
(b) Consent to Jurisdiction. The Company and the Indemnitee
each hereby irrevocably consent to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of
Chancery of Delaware for any purpose in connection with any actions or
proceedings which arise out of or relate to this Agreement.
(c) Entire Agreement; Enforcement of Rights. This Agreement
sets forth the entire agreement and understanding of the parties relating to the
subject matter herein and merges all prior discussions between them. No
modification of or amendment to this Agreement, nor any waiver of any rights
under this Agreement, shall be effective unless in writing signed by the parties
to this Agreement. The failure by either party to enforce any rights under this
Agreement shall not be construed as a waiver of any rights of such party.
(d) Construction. This Agreement is the result of
negotiations between, and has been reviewed by, each of the parties hereto and
their respective counsel, if any; accordingly, this Agreement shall be deemed to
be the product of all of
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the parties hereto, and no ambiguity shall be construed in favor of or against
any one of the parties hereto.
(e) Notices. Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement,
any notice, demand or request required or permitted to be given under this
Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed sufficient when directed to
the Chief Executive Officer of the Company at the address shown on the signature
page of this Agreement (or such other address as the Company shall designate in
writing) and when delivered personally or three business days after being
postmarked, as certified or registered mail, with postage prepaid, and addressed
to the party to be notified at such party's address as set forth below or as
subsequently modified by written notice.
(f) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or
more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which
together shall constitute one instrument.
(g) Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding
upon the Company and its successors and assigns, including any direct or
indirect successor by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise to all,
substantially all or a substantial part of the business or assets of the
Company. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of Indemnitee and
Indemnitee's heirs, legal representatives, executives and administrators. The
Company shall require and cause any successor (whether direct or indirect, and
whether by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all, substantially
all or a substantial part of the business or assets of the Company, by written
agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Indemnitee, expressly to
assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same
extent that the Company would be required to perform if no such succession had
taken place.
(h) Subrogation. In the event of payment under this
Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all
of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all documents
required and shall do all acts that may be necessary to secure such rights and
to enable the Company to effectively bring suit to enforce such rights.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement
as of the date first above written.
EVERGREEN SOLAR, INC.
By: /s/ Mark A. Farber
--------------------------------
Name: Mark A. Farber
Title: Chief Executive Officer
Address:
259 Cedar Hill Street
Marlboro, MA 01752
Telecopy: (508) 357-2279
Attention: Mark A. Farber
/s/ Philip J. Deutch
-------------------------------------
Philip J. Deutch, Indemnitee
Address:
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EXHIBIT 1
UNDERTAKING
1. This Undertaking is submitted pursuant to the Indemnification
Agreement dated as of May 15, 2003 between Evergreen Solar, Inc., a Delaware
corporation (the "Company"), and the undersigned (the "Agreement"). Capitalized
terms used but not defined herein shall have the respective meanings set forth
in the Agreement.
2. I am requesting certain expense advances pursuant to Section
2(a) of the Agreement ("Expense Advances").
3. I hereby undertake to repay such Expense Advances if it shall
ultimately be determined that I am not entitled to be indemnified by the Company
therefor under the Agreement or otherwise.
4. The Expense Advances are, in general, all related to:
Signed:______________________________
Dated:_______________________________